The Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois - 1080 Words

In The Souls of Black Folk by W.E.B. DuBois, DuBois argues his point-of-view on racial tensions in the south during and after Reconstruction. DuBois was a key figure African-American historian and civil rights activist in his time leading and defending his fellows African-Americans. One of DuBois’s themes ranges on race relations developed after Reconstruction in the south. DuBois elaborates on the overwhelming divide between the white population and the black population in his chapter about race relations. DuBois lists how blacks have been crippled economically, socially, and politically by disfranchisement and the Jim Crow laws after reconstruction. To begin with, to understand DuBois’s opinion on race relations, one must first understand The Souls of Black Folk in its entirety. Written in 1902, the work is a critical critique on the then current relationship between races in the south. The work was written over a period of time as DuBois analyzed the status level for African-Americans after Reconstruction. DuBois sets out his point that, â€Å"blacks of the South need the right to vote, the right to a good education, and to be treated with equality and justice† (p. 3 DuBois). DuBois is mainly setting out his point not to African-Americans, but to the whites in America who do not understand the struggle. Early in the 20th century whites outside of the south did not notice the problems black in the south. So, DuBois was looking to bring back the attention that much of theShow MoreRelatedSouls Of Black Folk, By B. Dubois1673 Words   |  7 PagesDifferent documents ranging from 1903 to our present day in 2015 mirror this same ideology. People such as W.E.B DuBois, Anne Moody, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, expressed the same concern. Many people in our society, past and present, see being African American as a sign of inferiority. Race shouldn’t be the distinguishing factor between people. Moody, King, Obama, and DuBois all show that the fixation on race was a debilitating problem and appealed to their audiences for action to breakRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By. B. Dubois1936 Words   |  8 PagesDouble consciousness is a term coined by W.E.B. DuBois in his 1903 book, entitled The Souls of Black Folk, that describes the cognitive dissonance that arises from being both black and American. DuBois describes the duality felt by African-Americans as always â€Å"measuring one’s soul by the tape of a world that looks on in amused contempt and pity† and that the black man â€Å"simply wishes to make it possible for a man to be both a Negro and an American without being cursed and spit upon by his fellowsRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk By William E. B. Dubois1066 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Souls of Black Folk† was written in 1903 by William E. B. Dubois (4). Dubois was an activist for civil rights and an author of many pieces regarding the lifestyle, struggle and historic patterns of African Americans (4). Though Dubois was born after the abolition of slavery, he knew the prospects of the African American struggle were most likely formed due to the conditions of black lives during slavery. Dubois was also an educator and advocate for educational opportunities in black communitiesRead MoreThe Souls Of Black Folk, By B Dubois Pioneers Two Concepts That Describe The Black Experience1680 Words   |  7 PagesIn The Souls of Black Folk, W.E.B DuBois pioneers two concepts that describe the Black experience in America— the notions of â€Å"the veil† and â€Å"double-consciousness.† The meaning and implication of these words not only describe the plight of being Black and American then, it also refers to what it means to still be Black and American today – the remnants of the past live on. DuBois explains the veil concept in reference to three things: the literal darker skin of Blacks, which is the physical demarcationRead MoreW .E.B Dubois Thoughts on Education Essay762 Words   |  4 PagesW. E. B DuBoiss thoughts on education The Souls of Black Folk, written by W.E.B DuBois is a collection of autobiographical and historical essays containing many themes. DuBois introduced the notion of twoness, a divided awareness of ones identity. One ever feels his two-ness Ââ€" an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two unreconciled stirrings: two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keep it from being torn asunder (215). There are many underlying themesRead More. E. B. Dubois, of the Dawn of Freedom: a Synopsis and Critical Discussion838 Words   |  4 Pages04/04/06 W. E. B. Dubois, Of the Dawn of Freedom: A synopsis and critical discussion William Edward Burghardt Dubois work, The Souls of Black Folk, gave a critical discuss of the early, twentieth century through the eyes of the Negro. Although many have limited this work to Dubois argument of, The Talented Tenth, it should be noted that Dubois work encompasses much more than that. The purpose of the essay is to summarize and give a critical eye to W. E. B. Dubois Of the Dawn ofRead MoreHow Race Relationships Throughout The Southern Area Of The United States1153 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships in the southern area of the United States can be understood as social facts and further this essay will illuminate if being of black skin colour in the southern area of the United States can be regarded as pathological in respect to Durkheim’s sociological views. Firstly one needs to define the two concepts at hand, namely (a) social facts by Durkheim and secondly, (b) pathological by Durkheim. In regards to (a) social facts, Durkheim refers to ideas, values and concepts that a society has developedRead MoreKarl Marx s The Soul Of Black Folks 947 Words   |  4 Pages W.E. B. Du Bois did not stratify race, class and nation as a personal characteristic but as social hierarchies that formed Blacks access to position, poverty, and authority. W.E.B. Du Bois (1868-1963) was born in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. He was the first African American to earn a doctorate at Harvard University, and he focused on history, civil rights, and sociology. In 1909, Dubois was a founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). The Soul of BlackRead MoreJean Booker T. Washington. B. Dubois1358 Words   |  6 PagesChloe Thompson Ms. Webster English III H 5B 5 May 2015 W.E.B DuBois One of the late 19th century and early 20th century’s most prominent black empowerment leaders was W.E.B DuBois. In research it is clear that DuBois was not subtle to one job or career choice. As a civil rights activist, educator, sociologist, historian, writer, editor, scholar, and poet, DuBois contributed to changing American society today. DuBois is mostly remember for his work with the NAACP and his notorious feud with civilRead MoreB. Du Bois928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"In my own country for nearly a century I have been nothing but a nigger.† -W.E.B Dubois On February 23, 1868 in a small town of Great Barrington, Massachusetts one of the greatest leaders in African American history was born. William Edward Burghardt Du Bois, better known as W.E.B. Du Bois is one of the greatest scholar, writer, editor, and civil rights activist. Many civil rights leaders and other important black leaders and role models see W.E.B Du Bois as the father of the Civil Rights Movement

Taxes On Junk Food And Soda - 742 Words

Paying taxes is something everyone does. We pay taxes on cars, property, and on our income. What about the junk food we consume? This has been debated for years that it will or will not work. How do we educate the public? Why should we do it? Where will the money be going? What groups will it serve? Prices are already high, so where is the money coming from? Everything that is done must be motivated because if not, it becomes a fad - here today and gone tomorrow. Only things that are done repetitively are made into habits. As a person, all things can be done if we have a desire and a need. Taxes on junk food and soda will not work unless everyone is educated on the utilization of revenues, health advantages, and motivated sufficiently to make a more healthy change. Although we all pay taxes is it right to tax junk foods and sugary beverages. Politicians has debated this for years. Taxation is an excellent form of raising money for governmental usage. This type of taxation should reach about 90% of the public. Hopefully it will be able to benefit these same people as well. As a reference by the Journal of Health policy 2008 Revenues (Chriqui, 2007) could be generated as a result of this tax. The results of their study were† One study estimated that a one cent national tax on an 12-ounce soft drink could generate an estimated $1.5 billion annually (Jacobson MF) that could be dedicated to obesity prevention and reduction efforts.’ These programs can support and educateShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay: Sin Taxes Are Positive for Society801 Words   |  4 Pagesover use of these products. Recently, governments have tried to raise taxes on other products like large, sugar-filled soft drinks and junk foods. There has been opposition to raise taxes on soft drinks and snack foods, but it is a good idea. There is evidence that these taxes can reduce the number of people who purchase these items. Therefore, the added cost can help people be make better choices and be healthier. Sin taxes are something that governments have been doing for hundreds of yearsRead MoreArgument and Persuasion Essay625 Words   |  3 PagesLiving Eating unhealthy foods is one of the major causes of obesity today; but should there be a higher tax on all soft drinks and junk food? Should people be punished for eating what they want? Yes, there are health risks involved with an unhealthy diet but is a higher taxing on these foods the right alternative? With the price of healthcare raising maybe the extra tax could help alleviate it, maybe not. Perhaps the higher tax will turn people away from buying unhealthy foods and drinks. ConsumingRead MoreA Brief Note On Unfair Taxing Of Food1268 Words   |  6 Pages Unfair Taxing of Food Miraaj Pirali Houston Baptist University â€Æ' Food is a necessity. People must eat to stay alive. However, what people eat is completely up to them. There are people that prefer to eat healthy and stay fit, and then there are those that that prefer an unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle. Those that lead an unhealthy lifestyle tend to eat foods high in fats, sugars, and unhealthy chemicals. Foods such as these cause obesity and other health related problems. There are manyRead MoreShould Junk Food Be Taxed More?1738 Words   |  7 PagesShould Junk Food be taxed more to discourage consumption? Junk Food should be taxed more for reasons such as Obesity, Diabetes, and High Blood Pressure, etc. These health risks are linked to the consumption of Junk Food, which is consumed every day by many Americans. â€Å"10 percent tax would reduce consumption of soda by 8 to 10 percent.† Even though some people believe that Junk Food Tax won’t curb the many diseases linked to it, Junk Food Taxes could decrease the risks of disease s, limit consumptionRead MoreFat Tax On Junk Food930 Words   |  4 PagesThe idea of implementing Fat Tax on junk food in the U.S. has been in the works for quite some time. California is first in the nation to implement the â€Å"fat tax†. This tax will be applied to any items containing more than 2.3% saturated fat, including, dairy products such as cheese and milk, processed foods, pizza, soda, and candy. The purpose of such a tax is to deter consumers from purchasing these unhealthy foods and lower the obesity rate. According to Ogden, Carroll, Kit and Flegal (2014)Read MoreAmerica s Current Economic State People Look For One Thing1311 Words   |  6 Pagesmeans. There has been an increased popularity in fast food and convenience store establishments that provide quick and energizing products. It is the cheap and convenient way to purchase these foods that is slowly hindering the health of our country. The reason behind the low prices of such unhealthy options prov ided by fast food restaurants and convenience stores is attributed to the subsidizing of producers of companies making the junk food. These companies have contributed to the increase of healthRead MoreJunk Food Tax1385 Words   |  6 PagesJunk Food tax is defined asâ€Å"taxing less nutritional value food such as sugary pop while food with high nutritional value will not be taxed.† (Rupert Taylor, 2009). Junk Food is generally consumed by people with a wide range of ages, a majority of children, adults or even elderly love consuming junk food. It is likely to say that junk food contains quite a lot of fat and food additives which have low nutritional value and bad to our health. Research appears to show (Dr. Michael Booth, 2009) that theRead MoreShould There Be Taxes on Junk Food2041 Words   |  9 PagesShould There Be Taxes on Sodas or Other Junk Foods? Position: No Background: The question whether or not to put a tax on sugary beverages and junk food has made its way to our legislatures desks because of the overwhelming population of obese people throughout the world. The alarming consequences of obesity have given the government reasoning to take charge and try to rectify the problem. They believe that by taxing certain food items that are high in sugar and salt content, trans fat, and saturatedRead MoreJunk Food Tax1104 Words   |  5 PagesJunk Food Tax The current issue of junk food consumption and the overall obesity battle in America continues to plague our nation. The suggestion to counteract this problem is the implementation of a â€Å"junk tax†. ProQuest states that, â€Å"’junk food tax’ refers to a tax placed upon fattening foods or beverages† (Par. 1). The intention of the tax is to minimize the consumption of unhealthy foods, which would expectantly lead to a healthier population. A junk food tax would also generate revenue for causesRead MoreShould The Government Add Extra Tax On Junk Foods? Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesGovernment Add Extra Tax on Junk Foods? The rate of junk and fatty food consumption has grown in the United States compared to the past few decades. Lifestyle reports indicate that one of the primary issues that were altered is the type of diet that people consume. Currently, it seems like many people eat junk foods almost daily. Junk food refers to any diet that has insufficient nutritional value and unhealthy ingredients. The U.S. government should add extra taxes to junk foods to promote a healthier

Examining Swiss Style Typography Art Essay Example For Students

Examining Swiss Style Typography Art Essay What is it a good graphic design? Good in writing design or typography is like a gustatory sensation. Hallmark of the gustatory sensation rests in sensitiveness, from feelings. Every 1 has a different gustatory sensation, but it is indispensable for everyone. Graphic design works on an equal footing. We are non born with the right gustatory sensation every bit good as there are no born Masterss of in writing design. All of them have to be every of them self educated. Perfect in writing consist of many elements, as a consequence of harmoniousness. This magazine traces the growing of the good in writing design. It depicts non merely the growing, but besides a interior decorators who formed the manner, the people and thoughts that influenced them and the undermentioned coevalss who were attracted to Swiss in writing design. This imperfect, extremist motion Swiss manner besides known as an International manner, was originated in Switzerland in the 1920s. This manner became celebrated because of really gifted Swiss graphic interior decorators. It emerged from Russian s Constructivism, Germany s De Stijl and Dadaism. The International Typographic Style, or Swiss Style, refers to the in writing design motion that evolved in Switzerland during the 1950s. Stressing lucidity of information, the International Style propagated an aesthetic of nonsubjective picture taking in topographic point of illustration ; asymmetrical agreement of elements on a modular grid system ; sans-serif typography such as Akzidenz Grotesk ; and blush left, ragged right constellation of text. Admired for its simple, clean, factual, and extremely structured attack to forming and showing information. The magazine is divided into three parts. Part One shows the beginnings of the Swiss manner, general information about the manner, political and societal influences. The undermentioned portion represents the cardinal figures in this motion and the New typography.6 Swiss manner Tschichold, J. ( 1930 ) Fototek fig.2 beginnings of the Swiss style7 Swiss manner In the station war period, modern design began more important with development of industrialised society. Switzerland bacame an appropriate site for growing of an International manner, by agencies of the state s place in the Centre of Europe and its political neutrality. However, Swiss manner started to turn in after the First World War in Europe. Henry van de Velde ( 1863 1957 ) was a celebrated Belgian designer and interior decorator. He was besides one of the most successful and of import practicians of the Art Nouveau manner. He was known as the first Art Nouveau creative person to work in an abstract manner and developed the construct of the brotherhood of signifier and map. His thought was to convey art to industry. Van de Velde was the chief in writing interior decorator who influenced immature Swiss interior decorators. He was one of the laminitiss of the cosmetic humanistic disciplines school of Weimar. This school was subsequently called the Bauhaus . In 1907 he designed the new edifice of The School of Arts and Crafts and became the first manager of this school. Among the instructors there were Russian, Wassily Kandinsky, Swiss Paul Klee and Johannes Itten. Young Swiss in writing interior decorators attracted the school and many of them studied at the Bauhaus. The influence from the Bauhaus was evident in Max Bill ( 1908 1994 ) and Theo Ballmer ( 1902 1965 ) works. Max Bill, a painter belonging to the Concrete Art motion in Z rich applied mathematical systems for the organisation of infinite to his in writing design work. Another manner which had an consequence for the growing of an International manner was Constructivism. Constructivism art refers to the optimistic, non-representational alleviation building, sculpture, dynamicss and picture. The creative persons did non believe in abstract thoughts, instead they tried to associate art with concrete and touchable thoughts. Constructivist art is committed to finish abstraction with a devotedness to modernness, where subjects are frequently geometric, experimental and seldom emotional. El Lissitzky ( 1890 1941 ) was the chief represetatives of Russian Constructivism. He brought a New Typography and photomontage to Switzerland. Lissitzky attended to the cardinal trans mutation of perceptual experience of literature. From acoustic percept of the past became seeable words. Optical character of the new typography was defined in his book from 1923. His work greatly influenced the Swiss manner. Not merely Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klle who were instructors at Bauhaus, but besides L szl Moholo Nagy ( 1895 1946 ) had noteworthy place at that place. He had similar ocular construct as Lissitzky. He was oriented in interaction of picture taking and text. Moholo Nagy perceived picture taking like an nonsubjective representation which can deliver obscurdity of words. He brought typography to inquiry, he defined a new radical thought typofoto combination of typography and photographic images.It is an nonsubjective signifier of representation based at princip of communicating. Both of these motions influenced a new waies of art and development of in writing design. A book of modern in writing design Gefesselter Blick ( Captured Glance ) was published in Stuttgard in 1930. It was Sponzored by the Swiss Werkbund s Advertising Designers Circle. Design from 1920s publications were displayed in the book.. The book was edited by designers Heinz Rasch and Bodo Rasch. They rounded up a work of 20 six creative persons of the avant garde. Most of them were Germans ( Werner Graef ) , three Swiss ( Otto Baumberger, Max Bill and Walter Cylian ) , two Dutch ( Paul Schutema, Piet Zwart ) , Russian ( El Lissitzky ) , and Czech ( Karel Teige ) . Even though, the Swiss were influenced by many manners, their ain manner became unique.Gefesselter Blick displays the beginnings and growing of the Swiss manner. 8 Swiss manner Vivarelli, C. ( 1949 ) Fur Das Alter fig.39 Swiss manner interior decorators In the first portion of the magazine we introduced the beginnings and jobs of the Swiss manner in Graphic design. In this portion we will advert the chief creative persons, interior decorators and propagonists of this motion. Ernst Keller ( 1931 2006 ) the male parent of Swiss design, was a in writing interior decorator, creative person and instructor. From 1918 and for four decennaries forth Keller taught a professional class in in writing design at the Kunstgewerbeschule Z rich ( The Zurich School of Design ) rejecting the impression of manner in favour of design solutions derived from content. Keller was the most of import individual influence on the development of Swiss in writing design. The economically drawn images and imaginative inscription of his postings designed in fig.4 9 Swiss style10 Swiss manner Matter, H. ( 1934 ) Switzerland: Winter Holidays Double Holidays fig.511 Swiss manner the 1920s and early 1930s made an of import part to Modernism. He mentored Armin Hofmann ( fig. 1 ) , Emil Ruder, and Joseph-Muller Brockman, all of whom were of import figures in what became the International Typographic Style. Significance of the International Typographic Style has been below the belt reduced to the aesthetic penchants evident in the results of work by interior decorators identified with the motion. To acknowledge its substance one needs to analyze the particulars of its beginning rooted in the course of study developed at the Basel School of Design. One of the of import figures of beginnings of the Swiss manner was besides Theo Ballmer ( 1902 1965 ) . He was a interior decorator, lensman and instructor. Ballmer studied at Bauhaus and at Kunstgewerbeschule in Zurich. He is known for his political postings and exhibitions, utilizing merely simple images and lettering ( fig. 4 ) . Otto Baumberger ( 1889 1961 ) was one of the first Swiss who can be right described as a posting interior decorator. He designed more than two 100 postings, which helped to overhaul the manner. In its assortment, Baumberger s work embodies and exemplifies the history of Swiss posting art in the first half of the 20th century, as the painterly creative person posting bit by bit evolved toward diagrammatically oriented corporate design. Max Bill was another Swiss in writing creative person, industrial interior decorator, designer, sculpturer, and painter, chiefly of import for his sophisticated, disciplined advertisement designs. He studied at the Bauhaus until late 1920 s when he moved to Zurich where he became a instructor and premier member of the Allianz group of in writing interior decorators. Max Bill belonging to the Concrete Art motion in Z rich applied mathematical systems for the organisation of infinite to his in writing design work. Herbert Matter was a innovator in the usage of photomontage. His gifted usage of type earned him great international acclaim ( fig.5 ) . After working for the Swiss National Tourist Office and Swiss resorts he moved to the United States in 1936 and started learning Photography at Yale University in 1952.12 Swiss manner was a prima German in writing interior decorator who besides exerted a strong influence on the Swiss school. fig.6 Johannes Tzschichhold ( Jan Tschichold ) was born as a boy of a Leipzig lettering creative person and mark pressman Franz Tzschichhold and his married woman Maria Zapff, in April 1902. His male parent s profession gave him an early debut to the many signifiers of written books. Young Tschichold frequently helped his male parent and besides attended a printing museum in the Buchgewerbehaus ( Book Industry Building ) which were in the town. Consequently he had cognitions of typography from early age. Despite of his parents thoughts, to hold their boy a professional art instructor, he decided to be educated as a lettering creative person. While he studied ( from 1919 to 1921 ) with Walter Tiemann, manager of the Staatliche Akademie pelt graphische Kunste und Buchgewerbe ( Academy for Graphic Arts and Book production ) , he besides attended classs in printmaking and bookbinding. Tschichold supported his instruction of the books of Edward Johnston ( Calligraphy, Ornamental Script and Appl ied Script ) and Rudolf von Larisch ( Study in Ornamental Writing ) and created a figure of calligraphic Hagiographas. Before go forthing for Bauhas from 1921 to 1923 he worked in Leipzig as an helper in learning classs of penmanship at the Academy. In 1923 he became a free-lance interior decorator in Leipzig. In the same twelvemonth he visited Bauhaus exhibition and influenced by the modern creative persons and interior decorators Wassily Kandinsky ( 1866 1944 ) and L szl Moholo Nagy, he started to propagate a new ocular thought. It was an inversion in his existent life. Soon, he was besides introduced to the work of the Dutch graphic interior decorator Piet Zwart 13 Swiss manner Exhibition posting, 1937 While acquiring acquainted with work we can fall into flood of varied geometrics and simple effects. This posting looks like an perfectly pure illustration of New Typography. The design is simple and arithmetical. fig.714 Swiss manner fig.8 Tschichold, J. ( 1927 ) Napoleon 15 Swiss manner ( 1885 1977 ) , and the Russian constructivists El Lisstzky. He worked with an assymetric composing, geometric forms, the usage of picture taking alternatively of illustrations and sans serif fonts ( fig. 11 ) . In the visible radiation of my cognition, it was a juvenile sentiment to see the sans serif as the most suited or even the most modern-day font. Jan Tschichold ( Jong, Purvis, Le Coultre, Doubleday and Reichardt, 2008: 19 ) Tschichold was so impressed by Soviet constructivism and Russian Revolution, that he changed his name to Iwan ( or Ivan ) Tschichold in 1923. Tschichold became an of import figure in the new motion known as the New Typography. A first dramatic publication of these positions, Elementare typographie ( Elementary Typography ) , appeared in a particular October 1925 issue of the German magazine Typographische Mitteilungen ( Typographic News ) . This was a sort of typographic manifest and caused an tumult in the universe of design. In the book Tschichold described the new thoughts on typographic design. Artists and interior decorators had assorted sentiment at the publication. Lissitzky was delighted at the beautiful booklet. The book was received good at the Bauhaus, but the German constructivis reacted critically. Nevertheless, the book had an impact on the hereafter design. The 2nd book fig.9 Tschichold, J. ( 1927 ) Napoleon 1. The intent of the New Typography is functionality. 2. The intent of any typography is communicating ( the agency of which are visualized ) .This communicating has to look in the shortest, simplest and most compelling signifier. 3. For typography to function societal intents, the interior signifier of the material employed must set up the content whereas the outer signifier must set up a relantionship between the different typographic agencies. 4. Inner organisation means utilizing as few basic components as possible ; fonts, Numberss, marks, cubic decimeter ines from the type instances, and the typessetter. In the modern universe focused on optics, the precise image, i.e. picture taking, must be considered as a basic component of the New Typography. ( Jong, Purvis, Le Coultre, Doubleday and Reichardt, 2008: 39 ) 16 Swiss manner was the most of import, Die neue Typographie ( The New Typography ) was published in 1928. This book explained the map and communicating of the New Typography. The book was used as a enchiridion for pressmans and publishing houses and even at the Bauhaus. In a little A5 format he described a modern typography in a short essay. Tschichold inspired by the functional finding of Bauhaus, formulated the rudimentss of the modern ocular communicating in which aesthetics of modern abstract art were combined together with demands for discernability, simpleness and capable information. His manifest the New Typography reflected the dynamism of life clip, penchants of preciseness and lucidity of sensatial ocular. He preferred nonsubjective resources as the sans serif and geometric font ( Grotesk ) , assymetric composing and whitespace. His book was widely read and extremely influential as a major measure in modern ideals. The book became the Bible of every immature compositor. Public Relations Contigenct Th EssayM ller Brockmann s masterminds grew in and through the old ages he became a modernist. For the Zurich Concert Hall posters he used all small letter for the text and geometric abstract signifiers alternatively of the illustrations. Beethoven posting ( fig.26 ) for the Zurich Tonhalle represents the prototype of the Swiss manner: curves and dissymmetry. By the fiftiess, he was established as the taking practician and theoretician of the Swiss Style, which sought a cosmopolitan in writing look through a grid-based design purged of immaterial illustration and subjective feeling. His Musica oral ( fig. 20, 27 ) posting series for the Zurich Tonhalle drew on the linguistic communication of Constructivism to make a ocular correlate to the structural harmoniousnesss of the music. In 1960 M ller Brockmann designed a typographic posting for exhibition at the Zurich Kunstgewerbemuseum, der Film ( fig. 28 ) . It is perharps one of his most famed designs. The posting type and infinite communicate in an imaginative and original mode. Brockmann is the writer of grid sys The grid system is used by compositor, in writing interior decorator, lensman and exhi bition interior decorator for work outing ocular jobs in two and three dimensions. ( Brockmann, 2001: 13 ) 34 Swiss manner One of import portion of the Swiss Style is its singular usage of picture taking. Following the modernist thoughts in which picture taking was a much better tool to portray world than drawings and illustrations, the Neue grafik magazine, a really of import Swiss in writing design publication at the clip, dedicated a large portion of its content to photography and its application in design. M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1958 ) The household of Man fig.26 35 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1958 ) Zurich Tonhalle, Musica viva fig.2736 Swiss manner fig.2837 Swiss manner tem. The grid system allowed him to form his capable affair to make more effectual design, non to be overwhelmed by the seeming pandemonium and complexness of design determinations. The predecessor of this system was Piet Mondrian, the grid is frequently recognized in his pictures. His composings are composed of horizontal and perpendicular lines and rectangular planes. Harmonizing to M ller Brockmann the grid system is about construction and mathematical thought. This is the look of a professional ethos: the interior decorator s work should hold the clearly apprehensible, nonsubjective, functional and aesthetics quality of mathematical thought. ( Brockmann, 2001: 10 ) M ller Brockmann was a professor of in writing design at the Kunstgewerbeschule, Zurich from 1957 to 1960. Subsequently he was a design adviser to IBM Europe from 1967 1988. He published assorted books about his work and won a batch of awards. He is the writer of The Graphic Artist and his Design Problems ( 1961 ) , History of Visual Communication ( 1981 ) or A History of the Poster. He besides founded the Muller-Brockmann A ; Co advertisement bureau in 1967, enduring until 1984. Josef M ller Brockmann died in Zurich, August 30, 1996. M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1962 ) Volg Traunbensaft fig.2938 Swiss manner the new typography fig.30 akzidenz grotesk The New Typography came approximately as a reaction to the communicating creed of Modernism which called for designs to be dateless minimum and geometric. The first rules of the New Typography appeared in Merz magazine in 1923. El Lissitzky promoted at that place more dynamic typography. In his work El Lissitzky pioneered a new attack to typographic art which had a immense impact upon in writing design. Lasl Moholo Nagy supported in add-on typophoto, phototext excessively. At the same clip as typophoto, Moholo Nagy introduced the thought of the exposure non merely as illustration but, instead, as phototext, replacing words, as an unambiguous signifier of representation, which in its objectiveness ( Sachlichkeit ) leaves no room for personal inadvertent reading. ( Hollis, 2006: 40 ) In both Lissitzky and Laszlo Moholy-Nagy we see emphasis placed upon the component of look the look of content through signifier. In contrast, Jan Tschichold was more concerned with order and organisation. He used sans serif type, asymmetric composings, the benefits of white infinite and the modification of fonts. Tschichold in his book, earlier mentioned, Die neue Typographie ( The New Typography ) formulated the rudimentss of these regulations and modern ocular communicating, influenced by functional tendency of Bauhaus. Many of these rules of the New Typography are explained in this book. He introduced a theoretical expression at typography devoid of concerns for publishing practicality. These rules were besides presented at the exhibitions in Switzerland, where it came to subconsciousness of audience. It was Tschichold who acted as a usher to a typographic practise which followed the demand for a new integrity of art and engineering. ( Hollis, 2006: 38 ) Tschichold advertised in his book a new sans-serif font as Akzidenz Grotesk ( now known as Helvetica ) . Tschichold reiterates that lucidity is the highest end and Akzidenz Grotesk has this lucidity. This font became the 39 Swiss manner most common for the New Typography and subsequently for Swiss in writing design and the International Style. In fact, when Jan Tschichold wrote Die neue Typographie, he ignored any usage of non sans-serif fonts. With this doctrine, in writing interior decorators were taking the lucidity, simpleness and catholicity. The Swiss Style advocates that the font does non hold to be expressive in itself, it must be an unnoticeable instrument of look. Helvetica was created in 1953 by Miedinger with Eduard Hoffmann at the Haas sche Schriftgiesserei ( Haas type foundry ) of M nchenstein, Switzerland. Haas designed a new sans-serif font that could vie with Akzidenz Grotesk in the Swiss market. Originally called Neue Haas Grotesk, the font s name was changed by Haas German parent company Stempel in 1960 to Helvetica derived from Confederatio Helvetica, the Latin name for Switzerland in order to do it more marketable internationally. Helvetica became the most widely used sans-serif fonts of all time. Akzidenz Grotesk was performed by Max Bill and Josef M ller Brockmann throughout their callings. Interior designer Paul Renner, while planing his font Futura, relied to a great extent on precise drafting tools such as the compass, T-square and the trigon. This allowed Renner to get away the traditional methods of type design in favour of the rigidness of mechanical buildings. Geometrical Futura was the following popular pick for in writing interior decorators. The Swiss compositor Adrian Frutiger was one of the most outstanding font interior decorators of all time chiefly because of his celebrated font Univers. He studied penmanship at the Z rich Kunstgewerbeschule. His involvement in sculpture helped build his manner as a font interior decorator. Frutiger created rather an extended aggregation of font households, but Univers font was functional and logical, appropriate for the Swiss manner. This font was created as a response to Futura. Frutiger disliked the signifier of Futura and therefore created Univers as a rival. The fount is based on the face of Akzidenz Grotesk. Univers household was one of the first fonts to give such a broad scope of options to interior decorators. Jan Tschcichold designed a batch of fonts, but Sabon was the most of import. It was the first font that was produced with uniform signifiers for the Linotype, monotype and manus setting.Sabon was Tschichold s most of import font creative activity. There were originally three weights: normal, italic and semibold. Linotype expanded the Sabon household in 1984 by adding a cursive semibold weight. Swiss graphic interior decorators used different font-size as a tool for readability and impact. Different font-sizes generate ocular impact. Posters by interior decorators such as Theo Ballmer depended on the effectivnes of the lettering entirely to pull the oculus and convey the message. For several old ages the New Typography followed the old in utilizing capital letters for rubrics. But from 1925 they started to utilize lone small letter alphabet, it was easier to larn and to read. It took less infinite, and was more economical typesetting was easier.40 Swiss manner Ongaro, J, . ( 1959 ) Helvetia Accidents fig.3141 Swiss manner international manner The International Typographic Style of the 1950s is mostly the consequence of work and instruction at the Kunstgewerbeschule Basel. Pioneer s of the Swiss manner as Jan Tschichold, or Josef M ller Brockmann who produced their work in Basel extended this manner through the universe. The Swiss manner became International due to these interior decorators. M ller Brockmann produced his work in New York in 1953. Consequently the Swiss in writing design influenced the American compositors and interior decorators as Alvin Lustig ( 1915 1955 ) , or Saul Bass ( 1920 1996 ) . In the station war period the United States became the 2nd site for development of geometric manner. Americans were excited by this Swiss geometrical theoretical account. Around 1970s, going widely used in American corporate design in order to leave communicative lucidity. American Armin Hoffman ( fig.1 ) continued for many old ages to show the academic facet of Swiss in writing civilization at Yale. The Swiss manner was rapidly extended even around the universe, in England, Germany, or Netherlands. In the United Kingdom the International Style compositor and in writing interior decorator Stanley Morison ( 1889 1967 ) was adopted. This manner in art, architecture and civilization became the International manner after 1950 s and it was produced by creative persons all around the Earth. Eskilson ( 2007: 300 ) insist that The rise of the International Style straight paralells the development of corporate individuality, the procedure whereby in writing interior decorators created Sons and other devices that established a set ocular subject for a company. The development of International manner was introduced at the Museum of Modern Art.42 Swiss manner decision fig.32 I consider the work of the Swiss in writing interior decorators as a unique in footings of the in writing design. Despite of the assortment of influences, and committees the work of the Swiss graphic interior decorators is consistent in inquiry of attack in entries. The scope of illustrations used throughout this magazine has provided great insight into many of the rules of the Swiss in writing design. The chief rule of the Swiss manner is New typography and grid system. The grid system is a stiff model that is supposed to assist in writing interior decorators in the meaningful, logical and consistent organisation of information on a page. Josef M ller Brockmann foremost presented these thoughts in the book of Grid Systems in Graphic design, he helped distribute the cognition about the grids through the universe. Nowadays grid systems are an constituted tool that is frequently used by print and web interior decorators to make well-structured and balanced designs. The work of the Swis s interior decorators consists of acute attending to detail, preciseness, trade accomplishments, clear typography, system of instruction and proficient preparation, a high criterion of printing every bit good as a clear refined and imaginative inscription. The Swiss design does non merely intend the values in relation to art and creativeness, but more of its rules sing to the audience and society. Accodring to M ller Brockmann Every ocular work is a manifestation of the character of the interior decorator. It is a contemplation of his cognition, his ability, and his outlook. ( 2001: 10 ) This magazine evaluates the feature of Swiss manner, characters of the interior decorators and focal points on the developments of rules and signifiers of this manner. Characteristic of this design integrates into a functional design, which consequences in the accent speech pattern of consecutive communicating. Swiss in writing interior decorators tried to take the primary construct by the simpliest manner. It depended on the in writing public presentation: complicated construct complicated signifier, simple construct simple signifier. In this regard Swiss graphic interior decorators seem to be minimalists, but their work is wholly sophisticated. All of the elements that they used have the right topographic point. Is the Swiss in writing design good? In my sentiment, all of the rules and ocular elements of the Swiss manner are in harmoniousness. The Swiss manner has a good gustatory sensation chiefly in pursue for simpleness the beauty in the underscores of a intent, non beauty as a intent in itself. And this sort of good in writing design Swiss manner is a a consequence of harmoniousness between all of its elements. My feelings from this manner are composure and lucidity, because I can experience the harmoniousness. The Swiss in writing design influenced me in visible radiation of manner to show the sence through simpleness. I like the development of this manner and besides the development of single interior decorators. Tschichold s studies, strong geometric forms, uncommon coloring material combinations and text uses inspired me every bit good as M ller Brockmann s? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? grid system, good designed construction, simpleness, picture taking and usage of white infinite. This minimum design is about taking the unneeded and stressing the necessary, it is about a functional and simple usage of cardinal elements of manner for the intent of the creative persons aims. This alone manner and in writing interior decorators helped me to determine my ain in writing manner. 43 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1955 ) Zurich Tonhalle fig.3344 Swiss manner M ller Brockmann, J. ( 1957 ) Zurich Tonhalle, June Festival fig.3445 Swiss manner

Leadership and Communication

The suggested article by de Vries, Bakker-Pieper, and Oostenveld (2009) has led me to the following assumptions.  First of all, the study has made me think about the importance of communication which may vary depending on the type of leadership but cannot be denied.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Leadership and Communication specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The idea of equating leadership to communication, as the authors suggest, is not valid for every leadership style. Still, it appears to be logical that the specifics of leadership are manifested through the type of communication the leader prefers. Therefore, communication is not only the means of knowledge and information exchange, but it is also a leadership tool that may be used to increase the employees’ satisfaction, trust, respect, and devotion (De Vries et al., 2009, p. 371). According to the article, the possible ways of achieving this result include (but are not limited to) exhibiting assuredness, argumentativeness, lack of verbal aggressiveness, preciseness, and supportiveness (De Vries et al., 2009, p. 369). It was especially important for me to receive a kind of scientific confirmation to the effectiveness of supportive leadership behavior (De Vries et al., 2009, p. 377). It is connected to my personal beliefs concerning leadership.  Apart from that, the suggested article proves that either communication style has its positive outcomes. While I have to admit that the human-oriented leadership is the one that appeals to me, every leadership model appears to have its advantages. For example, the positive qualities of a task-oriented leader include assuredness and preciseness (De Vries et al., 2009, p. 377). It is the latter of them that I consider especially important. In my opinion (which is supported by personal experience) vague goals are extremely disturbing for followers and reduce the trust and resp ect that a leader may potentially inspire. Since I would always respect a leader who is capable of providing consistent and clear instructions, I intend to pay particular attention to the preciseness of my own communication style in future. Taking into account the fact that different communication styles offer various opportunities, incorporating the elements of several models appears to be a promising activity. It could be useful to point out that the models suggested to us by the previous studies are complex and extensive, but there is always a limitation to them.Advertising Looking for critical writing on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In my opinion the generalized ideas that describe the way people appreciate different kinds of communication or leadership may be misleading, even though they do provide useful guidelines. In the process of leadership, a variety of suggested models can be used, and their choice is determined by the specific circumstances and the characteristics of the group the leader works with. I am not trying to diminish the importance of scientific works, but I attempt to highlight the importance of practical experience. Therefore, I assume that a leader may and should custom his or her own communication and other leadership tools to achieve better results depending on any particular circumstances. I wonder, though, if my peers would agree with me on the matter. This is the first issue I would like to suggest for the class discussion. The second one is connected to the previous conclusion. Since the process of leadership requires customizing communication models to suit the changing environment, it also presupposes flexibility and quick thinking. At the same time, I realize that leaders must be consistent in their actions, and, therefore, there must be a limit to their flexibility. The question of balance is always a controversial one, and I would like to discu ss this issue with my peers to achieve a more comprehensive conclusion. Reference De Vries, R., Bakker-Pieper, A., Oostenveld, W. (2009). Leadership = Communication? The Relations of Leaders’ Communication Styles with Leadership Styles, Knowledge Sharing and Leadership Outcomes. Journal Of Business Psychology, 25(3), 367-380. doi:10.1007/s10869-009-9140-2 This critical writing on Leadership and Communication was written and submitted by user Isabell Wilkinson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Pros and Cons of Storing Nuclear Waste Essay Example

Pros and Cons of Storing Nuclear Waste Paper Nuclear Pros and Cons A seemingly ideal action, Yucca Mountain is 100 miles outside of Lass Vegas, with the nearest humans 15 miles away (Hansen, 2001). However, many environmentalists and Nevada residents have grave reservations about putting the permanent storage at Yucca Mountain, citing concerns such as waste transportation dangers, geological instability, and the inability of the site to store all of the United States waste. They feel this is a hasty decision that is political in nature (Hansen, 2001). While the storage of nuclear waste is not an ideal situation, Americas current reliance on nuclear power makes it a necessity. The Yucca Mountain repository is currently the best option for long-term storage because of its relative isolation from human settlements, natural geological features, and its large storage capacity. Since nuclear waste is deadly to humans, the location of a long-term facility is crucial. In the event of a catastrophe, the ability to isolate the area effectively and expose as few people as possible to danger is critical. With the closest humans 15 miles away, Yucca Mountain is an ideal place to build the repository. The location provides the safety necessary for the success of the reject by limiting peoples exposure to radioactivity. We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Storing Nuclear Waste specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Storing Nuclear Waste specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pros and Cons of Storing Nuclear Waste specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The desert isolation also provides better security for the site, protecting from an easy assault by terrorists. With no one living near the mountain, several checkpoints can be setup allowing almost impregnable security access. While the isolation of the site is a selling factor, the same seclusion creates one of the biggest dangers associated with this project. That problem is the transportation of nuclear waste to Yucca Mountain. The majority of states will ship many tons of waste by rail or truck to the repository. Critics feel human error and weather conditions could lead to many accidents, with the possibility of a situation similar to Coherently. They feel that the more waste that is transported, the better chance an accident will occur. The fear is that emergency workers will not be able to handle the type Of problems that could arise. However, tests of the shipping containers and computer modeling have produced little evidence that an accident would cause a wide spread release (Hansen, 2001). As long as trained emergency workers can effectively handle potential dangerous situation, the rewards of the sire far outweigh the risk involved. The Department of Energy plan calls for a site whose natural geological features, when mixed with human barriers, will provide a safe storage facility for the waste. According to a 1 998 study, Yucca Mountain fits this requirement. Summarizing 15 years of site data, the Department of Energy report stated that the arid climate and stable geology would reduce the risk of a leak, with any leakage having to pass through 1 000 feet of rock to reach the water level (as cited in Hansen, 2001). The study concludes that once sealed, there would be little or no increase in radiation exposure for 10,000 years (Hansen, 2001 ). Critics, including Novenas Agency for Nuclear Projects, disagree with the findings of the study however. Citing other geological reports, Novenas Agency for Nuclear Projects claims that Yucca Mountain sits on an active earthquake zone and has received at least 600 examples of seismic activity Of 2. 5 Or higher (as cited in Hansen, 2001 This activity could lead to a rupture in the tanks, which may result in a leak. The Department of Energy is confident that the potential seismic events will not result in container leakage since the design of the containers allows them to stand up to the elements and last 1 0,000 years. Even if the unthinkable occurs, the sites isolation will help keep danger to a minimum. The other major factor making Yucca Mountain an ideal choice is the storage capacity of the site. Estimations state that 84,000 metric tons of waste will require storage by 2035 (Hansen, 2001 Even though Yucca Mountain only holds 70,000 metric tons, the majority of waste will be able to be safely stored. The large facility can double as a testing ground for new technologies, such as transmutation, and allow their incorporation into future storage sites. According to the National Research Council, Transmutation, the process of making nuclear waste less radioactive by extracting plutonium, allows isolation times to decrease significantly (as cited in Hansen, 2001). Since the finished product is safer, it can be securely stored closer to humans. The major drawback is the cost, with estimates saying the process would cost $280 billion according to a 1999 Department of Energy study (as cited in Hansen, 2001). However, the increased energy production created by the process will subsidize the cost. The other problem, according to the same 1999 Department of Energy study, is that the process would take 1 1 7 years to transmute the current American nuclear waste (as cited in Hansen, 2001). Continued research should help to decrease the cost and increase efficiency, allowing for even safer storage in the future. Nuclear energy is an important element of our electrical production. Unfortunately, nuclear waste is a necessary by-product requiring the utmost safety. An isolated location with many natural barriers is necessary for the safe storage of nuclear waste. Yucca Mountain best seems to fit the requirements for a repository. Critics feel that long and frequent transportation runs increase the likely hood of a disastrous leak. The containers used to ship the waste should prevent this from happening. Opponents feel that any leakage could result in danger to inhabitants of the region. However, the closest people to Yucca Mountain are 15 miles away. The deep rock should prevent any radioactivity from affecting the water evils, and the location of the mountain will make protection of the facility from terrorist mush easier.

Atomic Bomb1 essays

Atomic Bomb1 essays The use of the atomic bombs on Japan was necessary for the revenge of the Americans. These bombs took years to make due to a problematic equation. The impact of the bombs killed hundreds of thousands of people and the radiation is still killing people today. People today still wonder why the bombs were dropped. If these bombs werent dropped on the Japanese the history of the world would have been changed forever. The Atomic bomb took 6 years to develop (1939-1945) for scientists to work on a equation to make the U-235 into a bomb. The most complicated process in this was trying to produce enough uranium to sustain a chain reaction. The bombs used on the cities cost about $2 billion to develop, this also making the U.S. wanting to use them against Japan. Hiroshima was a major military target and we have spent 2 billion dollars on the greatest scientific gamble in history- and won. (3) The bomb dropped on Hiroshima weighted 4.5 tons and the bomb used on Nagasaki weighted 10 kilotons. On July 16, 1945, the first ever atomic bomb was tested in the Jamez Mountains in Northern New Mexico, code named Gadget. The single weapon ultimately dropped on Hiroshima, nicknamed Little Boy, produced the amount of approximately twenty- thousand tons of TNT, which is roughly seven times greater than all of the bombs dropped by all the allies on all of Germany in 1942. The first Japanese City bomb was Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. An American B-29 bomber, named Enola Gay, flown by the pilot Paul W. Tibbets, dropped the Little Boy uranium atomic bomb. Three days later a second bomb named Fat Boy, made of plutonium was dropped on the Japanese city of Nagasaki. After being released, it took approximately one minute for Little Boy to reach the point of explosion, which was about 2,000 feet. ...

Fictitious company, Mullin plc., is examining their dividend policy Essay

Fictitious company, Mullin plc., is examining their dividend policy. For the past five years (2008-2012) it has paid no dividend - Essay Example Dividend policy mainly concerns itself with the payment of cash dividends, at the present time, or in a near future (Barnett, 2012). It is important to denote that there are other types of dividends, such as stock dividends, and stock repurchases dividends. Stock dividends involves issuing out dividends in the form of the company’s stock, while stock repurchases dividend involves the buying of the company’s shares from willing investors by the company. This paper mainly concerns itself with cash dividend. The cash dividend policy refers to the actual amount of money that a company pays to investors. According to this policy, a company is supposed to state how much money it pays as dividends to investors, and the frequency of paying this amount of money (Garcia and Moore, 2012). The decision to pay a certain amount of dividends, and the frequency in which to pay this amount of dividends is based on the profitability of the company, and the excess cash it accumulates at t he end of each trading period. When there is a surplus in cash, the company can either decide to pay dividends, or it can decide to expand its operations. Developing a dividend policy is a very challenging initiative for the directors of a company. This is because investors of the company have differing views on the current cash dividends, and also on the future expectations of the capital gain (Ross and Westerfield, 2013). Another confusion that emerges in developing a dividend policy is the effect of the policy on the share prices of the company. It is important to denote that a favorable dividend policy will always lead to an increase in the share prices of a company. On the other hand, a dividend policy that is not favorable will on most occasion lead to the reduction of the share prices of the business entity. This is an aspect that managers of a business organization will always thrive to avoid. This paper identifies, and analyzes the various dividend policies that Mullin plc has, and their advantages or disadvantages. It examines if the policy under consideration will be beneficial to the company. This paper identifies four different types of dividend policies, namely (Shukla, 2012); i. Stable dividend policy ii. Irregular dividend policy iii. No immediate policy on dividend. iv. Regular dividend policy This paper has a conclusion, which provides a clear recommendation on the appropriate policy that the company should enact, and the justifications on why that policy is the best. Regular Dividend Policy: Regular dividend policy involves a situation where investors of a company are able to receive dividends at their usual rates, and on a constant period of time. The main investors in a company that provides such kind of a dividend are usually retired individuals, or weaker members of the society. This includes people with low wages or no income sources at all. The company can maintain this type of a dividend policy only if its revenue from its business op eration is stable and regular. This type of dividend policy manages to create a sense of confidence amongst the shareholders of a company (Stout, 2012). This is because they are guaranteed of a certain percentage of dividends at the end of the business financial years. It is also a sign that the operations of the business organization are stable and thus the company is making profits. This policy also